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1 antibiotic production
Бактериология: продукция антибиотиков -
2 антибиотики
Вещества биологического происхождения, способные подавлять рост микроорганизмов (бактериостатические, фунгистатические антибиотики) или убивать их (бактерицидные, фунгицидные и другие антибиотики).
Химические превращения природного вещества, обладающего атибиотической активностью, в более стабильное производное. Этот продукт называют обычно полусинтетическим антибиотиком.
К синтезу антибиотиков способны аспергиллы, актиномицеты и некоторые другие микроорганизмы. На первом месте по химическому многообразию синтезируемых веществ стоят стрептомицеты. К настоящему времени подробно охарактеризовано более 2000 антибиотиков.
Основными коммерческими видами антибиотиков являются пенициллины, цефалоспорины, стрептомицины, тетрациклины и эритромицины, получаемые с помощью видов родов Penicillium, Cephalosporium и Streptomyces.
Группа веществ, используемых для лечения различных злокачественных заболеваний; многие из этих веществ являются природными и продуцируются различными видами актиномицетов (например, Streptomyces) (см. также митомицины, блеомицин и дауномицин).
Свойство микроорганизма, позволяющее ему расти в присутствии специфичного антибиотика. Такая устойчивость обычно связана с мутацией или генетическими изменениями, которые могут быть перенесены плазмидой.
Термин используется для определения отношения микроорганизмов к антибактериальным препаратам. Производится для поиска антибиотиков, которые являются наиболее эффективными при лечении данной бактериальной инфекции.
Русско-английский словарь терминов по микробиологии > антибиотики
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3 продукция антибиотиков
Bacteriology: antibiotic productionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > продукция антибиотиков
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4 pinchar
v.1 to prick.2 to tap (informal) (teléfono).3 to wind up (informal) (irritar).4 to get a puncture (rueda).pinchó a cinco kilómetros de la meta he got a puncture o flat tire five kilometers from the finish5 to be prickly (barba).6 to be a flop (informal) (fracasar).pinchó con su última película his latest film has been a flop7 to sting, to prick, to urticate.* * *1 (punzar) to prick■ me han pinchado el globo, mamá Mum, they've burst my balloon2 MEDICINA (poner inyección) to give a injection, give a jab, US give a shot■ me pincharon tres veces porque no encontraban la vena they stuck the needle in me three times because they couldn't find the vein3 (sujetar) to spear, jab4 (enfadar) to needle5 (estimular) to push■ en casa me pinchan para que me apunte al gimnasio the family are trying to persuade me to go to the gym6 familiar (intervenir) to tap7 familiar (poner disco) to play\ni pinchar ni cortar familiar to have nothing to do with it, have do say in something* * *verb1) to puncture2) prick•* * *1. VT1) (=reventar) [+ globo, pelota] to burst; [+ neumático, rueda] to puncture2) (=picar)a) [con algo punzante] to prickb) (Culin) to testpincha la carne con el tenedor — test the meat with your fork, stick the fork in the meat
3) (=comer) to nibble (at)4) * (=poner una inyección a) to give a jab to *, give a shot to *tuvimos que pincharlo para que se le calmase el dolor — we had to give him a jab o shot to ease the pain *
me han pinchado un antibiótico — I got an antibiotic jab o a shot of antibiotics *
5) * (=apuñalar) to knifeamenazó con pincharlo si no le daba el dinero — he threatened to knife him if he didn't give him the money
6) * (=presionar) [gen] to prod; pey to pesterno dejan de pincharme para que me case — they keep getting on at me o pestering me to get married
7) * (=provocar) to wind sb up *8) * [+ línea, teléfono] to tap, bug9) Esp* (Mús)pinchar discos — to deejay *, be a disc jockey
2. VI1) (=hincarse) [espina] to prick; [clavo] to stickten cuidado con el rosal, que pincha — careful of the rosebush, it's prickly o it will prick you
te pincha la barba — your beard is bristly o prickly
2) (=tener un pinchazo) to get a puncture3) Esp * (=fracasar) to come a cropper *4) (=hacer clic) to click (en on)5) Chile* (=ligar)3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <globo/balón> to burst; < rueda> to punctureb) (con alfiler, espina) to prickc) ( para recoger) to spearni pinchar ni cortar — (fam)
él en la oficina ni pincha ni corta — he doesn't have any clout in the office
2)a) (fam) ( poner una inyección) to give... a shot (colloq)b) (fam) ( provocar) to needle (colloq); (incitar, azuzar) to egg... on3) < teléfono> to tap, bug4) (Esp fam) < discos> to play2.pinchar vi1) ( herir)2) (Auto) to get a flat (tire*), get a puncture3) (period) ( perder) to be/get beaten4) (Chi fam) ( con el sexo opuesto) ligar5) (Esp fam) ( en póker) to ante up (colloq)3.pincharse v pron1) personaa) (refl) ( accidentalmente) to prick oneselfb) (refl) (fam) ( inyectarse) to shoot up (sl), to jack up (sl)2) rueda to puncture; globo/balón to burstse me pinchó un neumático — I got a flat (tire) o a puncture
* * *= needle, wiretap [wire-tap], puncture.Ex. She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex. When overpressure in the vial occurs due to microbial growth (e.g., gas production by fermentation) remove excess gas by puncturing the septum with a sterile injection needle.----* pinchar a Alguien = needle + Persona.* que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <globo/balón> to burst; < rueda> to punctureb) (con alfiler, espina) to prickc) ( para recoger) to spearni pinchar ni cortar — (fam)
él en la oficina ni pincha ni corta — he doesn't have any clout in the office
2)a) (fam) ( poner una inyección) to give... a shot (colloq)b) (fam) ( provocar) to needle (colloq); (incitar, azuzar) to egg... on3) < teléfono> to tap, bug4) (Esp fam) < discos> to play2.pinchar vi1) ( herir)2) (Auto) to get a flat (tire*), get a puncture3) (period) ( perder) to be/get beaten4) (Chi fam) ( con el sexo opuesto) ligar5) (Esp fam) ( en póker) to ante up (colloq)3.pincharse v pron1) personaa) (refl) ( accidentalmente) to prick oneselfb) (refl) (fam) ( inyectarse) to shoot up (sl), to jack up (sl)2) rueda to puncture; globo/balón to burstse me pinchó un neumático — I got a flat (tire) o a puncture
* * *= needle, wiretap [wire-tap], puncture.Ex: She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.
Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex: When overpressure in the vial occurs due to microbial growth (e.g., gas production by fermentation) remove excess gas by puncturing the septum with a sterile injection needle.* pinchar a Alguien = needle + Persona.* que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].* * *pinchar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹globo/balón› to burst; ‹rueda› to puncturepincharon las cuatro ruedas they punctured ( o slashed etc) all four tires2 (con alfiler, espina) to prick3 (para recoger) to spearpinchó una aceituna con el palillo she speared an olive with the cocktail stickni pinchar ni cortar ( fam): él en la oficina ni pincha ni corta he doesn't have any clout in the officeyo aquí ni pincho ni corto my opinion doesn't count for anything around here, I don't have any say in what goes on hereB3 ( fam) (incitar, azuzar) to egg … onC ‹teléfono› to tap, bugD ( Inf) to click on■ pincharviA(herir): cuidado con esa planta, que pincha careful with that plant, it's pricklynecesitas afeitarte, ya pinchas you need a shave, you're bristlyB ( Auto) to get a flat tire*, get a flat, get a punctureC ( Inf) to clickpinchar EN or SOBRE algo to click ON sthpinchar con el botón derecho (del ratón) en algo to right-click sthE( Chi fam) (con el sexo opuesto): pincha con el profesor de inglés the English teacher has the hots for her ( colloq)A «persona»1 ( refl) (accidentalmente) to prick oneselfme pinché el dedo I pricked my fingerB «rueda/neumático» to puncture; «globo/balón» to bursttienes una rueda pinchada you've got a puncture, you have a flat o a flat tirese me pinchó un neumático I got a flat tire o a flat o a puncture* * *
pinchar ( conjugate pinchar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ rueda› to puncture
2 (fam) ( poner una inyección) to give … a shot (colloq)
3 ‹ teléfono› to tap, bug
4 (Inf) to click on
5 (Esp fam) ‹ discos› to play
verbo intransitivo
1 [ planta] to be prickly
2 (Auto) to get a flat (tire( conjugate tire)), get a puncture
3 (Chi fam) ( con el sexo opuesto) See Also→ ligar verbo intransitivo
pincharse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) [ persona] ( accidentalmente) to prick oneself;
( inyectarse) (fam) to shoot up (sl), to jack up (sl)
2 [ rueda] to puncture;
[globo/balón] to burst;
pinchar
I verbo transitivo
1 (con algo punzante) to prick
2 (un balón, globo, etc) to burst
3 (una rueda) to puncture
4 Med to give an injection [to]
5 (un teléfono, etc) to bug, tap
6 (discos) to play
7 (provocar) to needle, egg sb on
II verbo intransitivo
1 (una planta, espina, etc) to prickle
2 Auto to get a flat tyre
♦ Locuciones: ni pinchar ni cortar, to cut no ice
' pinchar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
hueso
English:
bug
- jab
- needle
- prick
- prickle
- prod
- puncture
- tap
- spike
* * *♦ vt1. [punzar] to prick;[rueda] to puncture; [globo, balón] to burst;pincha la carne con el tenedor prick the meat with the fork2. [penetrar] to piercedeja de pinchar a tu hermana stop annoying your sister, Br stop winding your sister uppinchaba discos en un bar he DJ'ed in a bar♦ vi1. [vehículo] to get a puncture;pinchó a cinco kilómetros de la meta he got a puncture o flat tyre five kilometres from the finish2. [barba] to be pricklyel director australiano pinchó con su última película the Australian director's latest movie has been a flop;la oposición pinchó en los barrios más acomodados the opposition came to grief in the better-off areas4. Informát to click;para acceder a la página, pinche aquí click here to go to the page6. CompFamella ni pincha ni corta her opinion doesn't count for anything;a mí no me preguntes, que en esto ni pincho ni corto don't ask me, I don't have any say in the matter;Fampinchar en hueso to go wide of the mark, to misfire* * *I v/t1 ( agujerear) prick;pincharle a alguien MED give s.o. a shot2 AUTO puncture3 TELEC tap4 fam ( molestar) bug fam, needle famII v/i1 ( agujerear) prick2 AUTO get a flat tire, Brget a puncture3:no pinchar ni cortar fam not count for anything* * *pinchar vt1) picar: to puncture (a tire)2) : to prick, to stick3) : to goad, to tease, to needlepinchar vi1) : to be prickly2) : to get a flat tire* * *pinchar vb1. (clavar) to prick4. (sufrir un pinchazo) to get a puncturepoco después de salir, pinchamos we got a puncture just after we left -
5 в большом количестве
•The production of an antibiotic in quantity (or in large quantities) by fermentation often requires long periods of time.
•Low-carbon ferrochromium is also produced in quantity by the reduction of...
* * *В большом количестве -- in quantity; in large quantities; in large numbersSmall reciprocating engine driven generator sets are used in large numbers by the US Army.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в большом количестве
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6 в большом количестве
•The production of an antibiotic in quantity (or in large quantities) by fermentation often requires long periods of time.
•Low-carbon ferrochromium is also produced in quantity by the reduction of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в большом количестве
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7 PEP
1) Биология: phosphoenole pyruvate2) Медицина: phosphoenolpyruvate, preejection period (период изоволюмического сокращения), Public Education Program, постконтактная (химио)профилактика (post-exposure (chemo)prophylaxis)3) Американизм: Peace, Economy, Prosperity4) Военный термин: Photographic Exploitation Products, Post Event Plan, Power Entry Panel, Production Engineering and Planning, Productivity Enhancement Program, performance evaluation and prediction, performance evaluation program, personnel exchange program, physical education program, plant equipment package, platform electronic package, platform evaluation program, point expanding projectile, power evaluation program, power extension plant, proficiency examination program, program element plan, program evaluation procedure, program evaluation process, promotion evaluation pattern5) Техника: pentaethylphenol, performance enhancement program, peripheral entry panel, positron, electron, proton, power extension package, producibility engineering planning, productivity enhancement package, programmable entry panel, prosphoenole pyruvate, proton-electron-positron storage ring, prototyping, evaluation and programming system6) Сельское хозяйство: Poultry & Egg Promotion, Poultry Expansion Program7) Шутливое выражение: Python Enhancement Proposal8) Химия: Physical Equivalent Practice9) Строительство: Promotion of European Passive Houses10) Бухгалтерия: Productivity Efficiency And Profits11) Финансы: модель привязки валютных курсов стран-экспортеров к стоимости экспортируемого товара (Peg the Exprot Price, предложена в начале 2000-х годов Джеффри Франкелем (http://ksghome.harvard.edu/\PEPjfrankel/PEP%20Index-JPM.pdf)), политически значимое лицо (politically exposed person)12) Телекоммуникации: Partitioned Emulation Program, Policy Enforcement Point13) Сокращение: Peak Envelope Power, Political and Economic Planning, Post Exposure Prophylaxis (antibiotic treatment after exposure to biohazard), Productivity Enhancement Program (USA), Productivity Enhancement Project, productibility, engineering, planning, planar epitaxial passivated (transistor), Paternalistic, Economic, Participative (The three main motivational styles found in organizations and management.), Politically Exposed Person14) Университет: Personal Elective Project, Personalized Education Plan, Pharmacology Education Partnership, Pre Engineering Program, Professional Experience Program, Project Exploration Program, Publications, Education, And Presentations15) Физика: Pauli Exclusion Principle16) Физиология: Positive Expiratory Pressure, Post Exposure Prophylaxis17) Электроника: Parent And Educator Partnership, Providing For Exceptional Potential18) Вычислительная техника: Polymer Electronic Printing, методика оценки программ, Personal Employee Portal (IBM), Personal Exam Prep (MS, ATEC), Python Enhancement Proposal (Python), Packetized Ensemble Protocol (Telebit)19) Биохимия: Primate Equilibrium Platform20) Банковское дело: программа льготной продажи акций служащим компании (personal equity plan)21) Воздухоплавание: Propulsion and Energetics Panel22) Фирменный знак: Precision Engine Parts, Professional Event Photography23) Экология: Precipitation Enhancement Project, phosphorus elimination plant25) Деловая лексика: Profit Enhancement Process, программа продажи акций служащим компании (personal equity plan)26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Performance Enhancement Plan27) Образование: Parent Educator Partnership, Parents Educating Parents, Parents Educators And Publishers, Personal Education Plan, Personal Enrichment Program, Potentially English Proficient, Primary Enrichment Program, Public Education Partnership, Pupil Esteem Program28) Инвестиции: personal equity plan29) Сетевые технологии: Packet Encoding Protocol, протокол пакетного кодирования30) ЕБРР: private equity plan31) Автоматика: Precision Engineering Program32) Контроль качества: product excellence program33) Сахалин Р: Project Execution Plan34) Расширение файла: Packet Exchange Protocol, Programme Evaluation Procedure35) Эволюция: ПЭП, популярная эволюционная психология, popular evolutionary psychology36) Электротехника: pulse effective power37) Высокочастотная электроника: primary entry point38) Должность: Personal Education Partner, Personal Efficiency Program, Positive Enhanced Performance, Professional Employer Panel39) Чат: People Enjoying People, Pester Every Person40) NYSE. Pepsico, Inc.41) НАСА: Propellant Equilibrium Program42) Клинические исследования: primary endpoint (основная конечная точка) -
8 SNAP
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Soluble Nsf Attachment Protein2) Компьютерная техника: Space Network And Power3) Медицина: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/rules/Legislation/about.htm), safety-net antibiotic prescription5) Спорт: Sunday Night At The Pool6) Военный термин: Secondary Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Soviet (FSU) Nuclear Artillery Projectile, System Nuclear Auxiliary Power, satellite, nuclear-powered, shipboard nontactical ADP program, short notice annual practice, standard Navy accounting procedures, summary of Navy approved programs7) Техника: safeguards network analysis procedure, shielded neutron assay probe, simulated network analysis program, systems for nuclear auxiliary power supply8) Шутливое выражение: Special Needs Aussie Placement9) Химия: Strontium Nitrate Acetone Peroxide10) Юридический термин: Safe Neighborhood Awareness Program, Suddenly Nasty And Aggressive Personality11) Телекоммуникации: Subnetwork Access Protocol (IEEE 802)12) Сокращение: Shipboard Non-tactical ADP Program (US Navy), Shipboard Non-tactical Automated data Processing program, Steerable Null Antenna Processor, Sub Network Access Protocol, Synchronous Numeric Array Processor, Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Sudan National AIDS Programme13) Университет: Student Needs Assistance Program, Student Network Access Project, Student Nurses At Penn14) Физиология: Smoking Nutrition Alcohol And Physical, Supporting Neurotransmitter Activity And Production15) Электроника: Selective Niobium Anodization Process16) Вычислительная техника: Sub-Network Access Protocol, Switch Probe Analyzer, System and Network Administration Program, SubNetwork Attachment Point (IEEE 802.1a), SubNetwork Access Protocol (LAN, Ethernet), Sub Network Access Protocol (OSI, Networking)17) Социология: оценочная шкала (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham)18) Биотехнология: Screening for nonacceptable polymorphism19) Воздухоплавание: Structural Network Analysis Program21) Деловая лексика: Sharp National Account Program, Stop Now And Plan22) Образование: Say No And Phone, School Network For Absenteeism Prevention, School Networking Action Project, School Nutrition Accountability Program, Seeing Necessary Alternatives Photographically, Special Needs Access And Participation, Stop The Negative Accentuate The Positive23) Сетевые технологии: Single Network Access Pass, Standard Network Access Protocol, Subnetwork Access Protocol, System Neutral Access Protocol, протокол доступа к подсетям, стандартный протокол доступа к сети, стандартный протокол сетевого доступа24) Безопасность: Secure Network Access Platform, System Network Advanced Protection25) Расширение файла: Sub-Network Attachment Point26) Космический летательный аппарат: Supernova Acceleration Probe27) НАСДАК: Synaptic Pharmaceutical28) Общественная организация: Seniors Needing A Pet, Spay Neuter Assistance Program29) Международная торговля: Simplified Network Application Process -
9 pep
1) Биология: phosphoenole pyruvate2) Медицина: phosphoenolpyruvate, preejection period (период изоволюмического сокращения), Public Education Program, постконтактная (химио)профилактика (post-exposure (chemo)prophylaxis)3) Американизм: Peace, Economy, Prosperity4) Военный термин: Photographic Exploitation Products, Post Event Plan, Power Entry Panel, Production Engineering and Planning, Productivity Enhancement Program, performance evaluation and prediction, performance evaluation program, personnel exchange program, physical education program, plant equipment package, platform electronic package, platform evaluation program, point expanding projectile, power evaluation program, power extension plant, proficiency examination program, program element plan, program evaluation procedure, program evaluation process, promotion evaluation pattern5) Техника: pentaethylphenol, performance enhancement program, peripheral entry panel, positron, electron, proton, power extension package, producibility engineering planning, productivity enhancement package, programmable entry panel, prosphoenole pyruvate, proton-electron-positron storage ring, prototyping, evaluation and programming system6) Сельское хозяйство: Poultry & Egg Promotion, Poultry Expansion Program7) Шутливое выражение: Python Enhancement Proposal8) Химия: Physical Equivalent Practice9) Строительство: Promotion of European Passive Houses10) Бухгалтерия: Productivity Efficiency And Profits11) Финансы: модель привязки валютных курсов стран-экспортеров к стоимости экспортируемого товара (Peg the Exprot Price, предложена в начале 2000-х годов Джеффри Франкелем (http://ksghome.harvard.edu/\PEPjfrankel/PEP%20Index-JPM.pdf)), политически значимое лицо (politically exposed person)12) Телекоммуникации: Partitioned Emulation Program, Policy Enforcement Point13) Сокращение: Peak Envelope Power, Political and Economic Planning, Post Exposure Prophylaxis (antibiotic treatment after exposure to biohazard), Productivity Enhancement Program (USA), Productivity Enhancement Project, productibility, engineering, planning, planar epitaxial passivated (transistor), Paternalistic, Economic, Participative (The three main motivational styles found in organizations and management.), Politically Exposed Person14) Университет: Personal Elective Project, Personalized Education Plan, Pharmacology Education Partnership, Pre Engineering Program, Professional Experience Program, Project Exploration Program, Publications, Education, And Presentations15) Физика: Pauli Exclusion Principle16) Физиология: Positive Expiratory Pressure, Post Exposure Prophylaxis17) Электроника: Parent And Educator Partnership, Providing For Exceptional Potential18) Вычислительная техника: Polymer Electronic Printing, методика оценки программ, Personal Employee Portal (IBM), Personal Exam Prep (MS, ATEC), Python Enhancement Proposal (Python), Packetized Ensemble Protocol (Telebit)19) Биохимия: Primate Equilibrium Platform20) Банковское дело: программа льготной продажи акций служащим компании (personal equity plan)21) Воздухоплавание: Propulsion and Energetics Panel22) Фирменный знак: Precision Engine Parts, Professional Event Photography23) Экология: Precipitation Enhancement Project, phosphorus elimination plant25) Деловая лексика: Profit Enhancement Process, программа продажи акций служащим компании (personal equity plan)26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Performance Enhancement Plan27) Образование: Parent Educator Partnership, Parents Educating Parents, Parents Educators And Publishers, Personal Education Plan, Personal Enrichment Program, Potentially English Proficient, Primary Enrichment Program, Public Education Partnership, Pupil Esteem Program28) Инвестиции: personal equity plan29) Сетевые технологии: Packet Encoding Protocol, протокол пакетного кодирования30) ЕБРР: private equity plan31) Автоматика: Precision Engineering Program32) Контроль качества: product excellence program33) Сахалин Р: Project Execution Plan34) Расширение файла: Packet Exchange Protocol, Programme Evaluation Procedure35) Эволюция: ПЭП, популярная эволюционная психология, popular evolutionary psychology36) Электротехника: pulse effective power37) Высокочастотная электроника: primary entry point38) Должность: Personal Education Partner, Personal Efficiency Program, Positive Enhanced Performance, Professional Employer Panel39) Чат: People Enjoying People, Pester Every Person40) NYSE. Pepsico, Inc.41) НАСА: Propellant Equilibrium Program42) Клинические исследования: primary endpoint (основная конечная точка) -
10 snap
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Soluble Nsf Attachment Protein2) Компьютерная техника: Space Network And Power3) Медицина: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/rules/Legislation/about.htm), safety-net antibiotic prescription5) Спорт: Sunday Night At The Pool6) Военный термин: Secondary Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Soviet (FSU) Nuclear Artillery Projectile, System Nuclear Auxiliary Power, satellite, nuclear-powered, shipboard nontactical ADP program, short notice annual practice, standard Navy accounting procedures, summary of Navy approved programs7) Техника: safeguards network analysis procedure, shielded neutron assay probe, simulated network analysis program, systems for nuclear auxiliary power supply8) Шутливое выражение: Special Needs Aussie Placement9) Химия: Strontium Nitrate Acetone Peroxide10) Юридический термин: Safe Neighborhood Awareness Program, Suddenly Nasty And Aggressive Personality11) Телекоммуникации: Subnetwork Access Protocol (IEEE 802)12) Сокращение: Shipboard Non-tactical ADP Program (US Navy), Shipboard Non-tactical Automated data Processing program, Steerable Null Antenna Processor, Sub Network Access Protocol, Synchronous Numeric Array Processor, Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Sudan National AIDS Programme13) Университет: Student Needs Assistance Program, Student Network Access Project, Student Nurses At Penn14) Физиология: Smoking Nutrition Alcohol And Physical, Supporting Neurotransmitter Activity And Production15) Электроника: Selective Niobium Anodization Process16) Вычислительная техника: Sub-Network Access Protocol, Switch Probe Analyzer, System and Network Administration Program, SubNetwork Attachment Point (IEEE 802.1a), SubNetwork Access Protocol (LAN, Ethernet), Sub Network Access Protocol (OSI, Networking)17) Социология: оценочная шкала (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham)18) Биотехнология: Screening for nonacceptable polymorphism19) Воздухоплавание: Structural Network Analysis Program21) Деловая лексика: Sharp National Account Program, Stop Now And Plan22) Образование: Say No And Phone, School Network For Absenteeism Prevention, School Networking Action Project, School Nutrition Accountability Program, Seeing Necessary Alternatives Photographically, Special Needs Access And Participation, Stop The Negative Accentuate The Positive23) Сетевые технологии: Single Network Access Pass, Standard Network Access Protocol, Subnetwork Access Protocol, System Neutral Access Protocol, протокол доступа к подсетям, стандартный протокол доступа к сети, стандартный протокол сетевого доступа24) Безопасность: Secure Network Access Platform, System Network Advanced Protection25) Расширение файла: Sub-Network Attachment Point26) Космический летательный аппарат: Supernova Acceleration Probe27) НАСДАК: Synaptic Pharmaceutical28) Общественная организация: Seniors Needing A Pet, Spay Neuter Assistance Program29) Международная торговля: Simplified Network Application Process -
11 Chain, Ernst Boris
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 19 June 1906 Berlin, Germanyd. 12 August 1979 Ireland[br]Anglo-German biochemist and physiologist, co-worker with Florey in the isolation of sufficient supplies of the antibiotic penicillin for clinical use during wartime.[br]Chain graduated in Berlin at the Charite Hospital in 1930. A refugee from political persecution, in 1933 he went to the School of Biochemistry in Cambridge, and in 1935 moved to the School of Pathology at Oxford. He became a British subject in 1939. His interests had involved the study of enzymes and the isolation of physiologically active substances from natural sources. In 1938 he drew Florey's attention to Fleming's note of 1929 reporting the bacterial growth inhibiting qualities of Penicillium mould. Using makeshift equipment and with little initial support, they isolated small quantities of penicillin, which they were then able to use clinically with dramatic effect.Chain had always hoped for adequate resources to develop penicillin and other antibiotics in Britain. This was not forthcoming, however, and in 1948 a research chair and institute was created for him in Rome, at the International Research Centre for Chemical Microbiology. In 1961 he returned to London to the Chair of Biochemistry at Imperial College. There, with the help of a large donation from the Wolfson Foundation, an appropriate building with facilities for the large-scale development and production of biochemical substances was finally made available. His co-equal part in the development of penicillin was recognized by the sharing of the Nobel Prize for Medicine between Florey, Fleming and himself, and he received numerous honours and honorary degrees from a large number of governments and international institutions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1944. Nobel Prize for Medicine (jointly with H.W.Florey and A.Fleming) 1945. Fellow of the Royal Society 1949. Ehrlich Prize 1954.Bibliography1941, "Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent", Lancet (with Florey). 1941, "Further observations on penicillin", Lancet.1949, Antibiotics, Oxford, (with Florey et al.) MG -
12 Florey, Howard Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 24 September 1898 Adelaide, Australiad. 21 February 1968 Oxford, England[br]Australian pathologist who contributed to the research and technology resulting in the practical clinical availability of penicillin.[br]After graduating MB and BS from Adelaide University in 1921, he went to Oxford University, England, as a Rhodes Scholar in 1922. Following a period at Cambridge and as a Rockefeller Fellow in the USA, he returned to Cambridge as Lecturer in Pathology. He was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at Sheffield at the age of 33, and to the Sir William Dunne Chair of Pathology at Oxford in 1935.Although historically his name is inseparable from that of penicillin, his experimental interests and achievements covered practically the whole range of general pathology. He was a determined advocate of the benefits to research of maintaining close contact between different disciplines. He was an early believer in the need to study functional changes in cells as much as the morphological changes that these brought about.With E. Chain, Florey perceived the potential of Fleming's 1929 note on the bacteria-inhibiting qualities of Penicillium mould. His forthright and dynamic character played a vital part in developing what was perceived to be not just a scientific and medical discovery of unparalleled importance, but a matter of the greatest significance in a war of survival. Between them, Florey and Chain were able to establish the technique of antibiotic isolation and made their findings available to those implementing large-scale fermentation production processes in the USA.Despite being domiciled in England, he played an active role in Australian medical and educational affairs and was installed as Chancellor of the Australian National University in 1966.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLife peer 1965. Order of Merit 1965. Knighted 1944. FRS 1941. President, Royal Society 1960–5. Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with E.B.Chain and A.Fleming) 1945. Copley Medal 1957. Commander, Légion d'honneur 1946. British Medical Association Gold Medal 1964.Bibliography1940, "Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent", Lancet (with Chain). 1949, Antibiotics, Oxford (with Chain et al.).1962, General Pathology, Oxford.MG
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